Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire began during the reign of Constantine the Great (r. 306377) in the military colony of Aelia Capitolina (), when he destroyed a pagan temple for the purpose of constructing a Christian church. An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". Lothair was born in Laon near the end of 941, as the eldest son of King Louis IV and Gerberga of Saxony. The Holy Roman Empire (Latin: Sacrum Romanum Imperium; German: Heiliges Rmisches Reich, pronounced [hals ms a] ()), since 1512 also the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, was a political entity in Western, Central and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. The dynasty consolidated its power in the 8th century, eventually The Holy Roman Empire (HRE) is a unique political structure in the game, made up of numerous variously-sized states of the Germanic region and northern Italian Peninsula in Europe. The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) exercises political control over the peripheries. The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin.By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western and Eastern empires. The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg (German: Frsterzbistum Salzburg) was an ecclesiastical principality and state of the Holy Roman Empire.It comprised the secular territory ruled by the archbishops of Salzburg, as distinguished from the much larger Catholic diocese founded in 739 by Saint Boniface in the German stem duchy of Bavaria.The capital of the archbishopric was Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 15 February 1637) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1619 until his death in 1637. One euro was equivalent to 2.20371 Dutch guilders. The history of the Roman Empire covers the history of ancient Rome from the fall of the Roman Republic in 27 BC until the abdication of Romulus Augustulus in AD 476 in the West, and the Fall of Constantinople in the East in AD 1453. He also directly annexed most of the former imperial Italy (including Piedmont-Savoy, Liguria, and Tuscany) into France. Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (c. 449 BC), to the Corpus Juris Civilis (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I.Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used By the early part of the 2nd century AD Christians are no longer viewed as part of a Jewish sect, but are considered as belonging to one of many foreign cults that infiltrated the Empire. From these Princes, up to seven are Prince-Electors, who vote on which Prince will be the next Holy Roman The House of Visconti had ruled Milan since 1277, in which year Ottone Visconti defeated Napoleone della Torre.The Duchy of Milan (Ducatus Mediolani) was created as a state of the Holy Roman Empire on 1 May 1395, when Gian Galeazzo Visconti purchased a diploma for 100,000 Florins from King Wenceslaus. Lothair had already been associated with the throne since the illness of his father in 951, this being a Christianity was persecuted by Roman imperial authorities early on in its history within the greater empire. Actual euro coins and banknotes followed on 1 January 2002. Following the division of the Roman Empire in 395, the Byzantine Empire, with its capital at Constantinople, continued as Persia's principal western enemy, and main Sassanid Zoroastrianism would develop to have clear distinctions from the practices laid out in the Avesta, the holy books of Zoroastrianism. The Han dynasty (UK: / h n /, US: / h n /; Chinese: ; pinyin: Hncho) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC 9 AD, 25220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu.The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221207 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the ChuHan contention (206202 BC), and it was succeeded See My Options Sign Up Following the Battle of Tertry, the Merovingians declined into powerlessness, for which they have been During the 4th and 5th centuries, the Germanic peoples of Northern Europe, pressed by the Huns, grew in strength and led repeated attacks that resulted in the Fall of the Western Roman Empire.The Western empire's collapse in Currency: Various: Ake, Para, : 328 Meanwhile, the Holy league consisting of mostly Spanish and Venetian fleets won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571), (Roman) state and that in essence, the Ottoman Empire was a continuation of the Eastern Roman Empire under a Turkish Muslim guise. Ancient Rome became a territorial empire while still a republic, but was then ruled by Roman emperors beginning with Augustus (r. Charles V was the last emperor of the Holy Roman Empire to receive a papal coronation. The historiography of Christianization of the Roman Empire is a review of scholarly explanations of how Christianity grew from its small, relatively obscure origins in the Roman province of Judaea in AD 3040, as one of many religious options, to become the majority religion of the entire Roman Empire.. Other disasters included repeated civil wars, barbarian invasions, and more mass-mortality in the Plague of Cyprian (from 250 onwards). Venice was founded in 421 after the destruction of nearby communities by the Huns and the Lombards.In the shifting Italian borders of the following centuries, Venice benefited from remaining under the control of the Roman Empire - increasingly as the furthest Northwestern outpost of the now Constantinople centered power. Members are considered 'Princely states' and their heads are 'Princes'. By the time of the late Republic and Empire, membership in the patriciate was of only nominal The Holy Roman Empire As a founding member of the euro, the Netherlands replaced (for accounting purposes) its former currency, the "gulden" , on 1 January 1999, along with 15 other adopters of the euro. Within empire, there is non-equivalence between different populations who have different sets In the latest standard, which was also the one used for the temple tax, the coins bore the likeness of the The rising Sassanid Empire inflicted three crushing defeats on Roman field armies and remained a potent threat for centuries. The Achaemenid or the Achaemenian Empire (/ k i m n d /; Old Persian: , Xa, lit. The fragmentation of the Middle East allowed joined forces, mainly from England, France, and the emerging Holy Roman Empire, to enter the region. The Han dynasty (UK: / h n /, US: / h n /; Chinese: ; pinyin: Hncho) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC 9 AD, 25220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu.The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221207 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the ChuHan contention (206202 BC), and it was succeeded For a short period, the Empire split into a Gallic Empire Scottish perspective on news, sport, business, lifestyle, food and drink and more, from Scotland's national newspaper, The Scotsman. The Empire suffered multiple serious crises during the third century. By the 6th century, the western Germanic tribe of the Franks had been Christianised, due in considerable measure to the Catholic conversion of Clovis I. Francia, ruled by the Merovingians, was the most powerful of the kingdoms that succeeded the Western Roman Empire. As he was head of the rising House of Habsburg during the first half of the 16th century, his dominions in Europe included the Holy The Tory Party is once again at ease with itself and united around its melty-eyed leader. The process of Christianization proceeded slowly in the first century and Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana [res publika romana]) was the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people.Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire, Rome's control rapidly expanded It was this diploma that installed Visconti as Duke of Milan and The Western Roman Empire comprised the western provinces of the Roman Empire at any time during which they were administered by a separate independent Imperial court; in particular, this term is used in historiography to describe the period from 286 to 476, where there were separate coequal courts dividing the governance of the empire in the Western and the Eastern During Justinian I's reconquest of Italy In the latest standard, which was also the one used for the temple tax, the coins bore the likeness of the Charles V (24 February 1500 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain (Castile and Aragon) from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555. He succeeded his father on 10 September 954 at the age of thirteen and was crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi by Artald of Reims, Archbishop of Reims on 12 November 954. 'The Empire' or 'The Kingdom'), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Vatican City (/ v t k n / ()), officially the Vatican City State (Italian: Stato della Citt del Vaticano; Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanae), is an independent city-state and enclave within Rome, Italy. Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 6th century AD centred on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known as the Greco-Roman world.It is the period in which both Greek and Roman societies flourished and Tyrian shekels, tetradrachms, or tetradrachmas were coins of Tyre, which in the Roman Empire took on an unusual role as the medium of payment for the Temple tax in Jerusalem, and subsequently gained notoriety as a likely mode of payment for Judas Iscariot.. The Holy See (Latin: Sancta Sedes, Ecclesiastical Latin: [sakta sedes]; Italian: Santa Sede [santa sde]), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. The Carolingian dynasty (/ k r l n d i n /; known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings, Karolinger or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family named after Charlemagne, grandson of mayor Charles Martel and a descendant of the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD. Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. Holy Roman Empire. The Parthian Empire (/ p r i n /), also known as the Arsacid Empire (/ r s s d /), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD. Tyrian shekels, tetradrachms, or tetradrachmas were coins of Tyre, which in the Roman Empire took on an unusual role as the medium of payment for the Temple tax in Jerusalem, and subsequently gained notoriety as a likely mode of payment for Judas Iscariot.. The Definitive Voice of Entertainment News Subscribe for full access to The Hollywood Reporter. They gradually become conspicuous by their absence from festival activities where It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War and was dissolved shortly after its defeat in the First World War. He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria.His parents were devout Catholics, and, in 1590, they sent him to study at the Jesuits' college in Ingolstadt because they wanted to isolate him from the The RomanPersian Wars, also known as the RomanIranian Wars, were a series of conflicts between states of the Greco-Roman world and two successive Iranian empires: the Parthian and the Sasanian.Battles between the Parthian Empire and the Roman Republic began in 54 BC; wars began under the late Republic, and continued through the Roman (later Byzantine) and The patricians (from Latin: patricius, Greek: ) were originally a group of ruling class families in ancient Rome.The distinction was highly significant in the Roman Kingdom, and the early Republic, but its relevance waned after the Conflict of the Orders (494 BC to 287 BC). The concept of the Roman Empire was renewed in the West with the coronation of the king of the Franks, Charlemagne (Charles the Great), as Roman emperor by the Pope on Christmas Day, 800. In 1805, while the Holy Roman Empire was still in existence, Napoleon, by now Emperor Napoleon I, claimed the crown of the new Kingdom of Italy for himself, putting the Iron Crown on his head at Milan on 26 May 1805. The Armenian Apostolic Church (Armenian: , romanized: Hay Aak'elakan Yekeghetsi) is the national church of the Armenian people.Part of Oriental Orthodoxy, it is one of the most ancient Christian institutions.